Retinoblastoma is a form of cancer that can affect children during fetal development up to five years old. It is caused by immature retinal cells and can affect one or both eyes. Retinoblastoma is the most diagnosed form of eye cancer in children. It is largely believed that this form of cancer develops from a mutation of chromosome 13 (in the long arm). Common signs of retinoblastoma are a white glow in the pupil of the affected eye that is visible in dim lighting. It is also noticeable in color photos by the white appearance of the pupil. Also patients may have crossed eyes or eyes that are not properly aligned.
When patients receive prompt medical care their prognosis is good. The survival rate in the United States and Great Britain is around 85%. If the optic nerve is not involved enucleation is performed before the tumor passes through the lamina cribrosa, in these cases the cure rate is almost 90%. If the tumor extends beyond the lamina cribrosa the survival rate decreases to 60%. Some complications of retinoblastoma survivors can include the development of secondary nonocular tumors (this occurs in 50% of patients who have survived having bilateral retinoblastoma), the development of a cataract, retinal vascular damage and/or hemorrhage.
Patients suffering from retinoblastoma can be treated by radiation treatment, chemotherapy, or surgical removal of the tumor, which is known as enucleation. Enucleation is most commonly performed when the chance of preserving useful vision is unlikely. Patents receiving enucleation are those that have a total retinal detachment.
As retinoblastoma progresses the appearance of the eye becomes worse, and can develop into a large orbital mass in and around the eye. CT images are pivotal in identifying and diagnosing this form of tumor. It also allows the assessment of anatomy for possible extension of the retinoblastoma.
Retinoblastoma is one of the cancers that if discovered early can be successfully treated.
When patients receive prompt medical care their prognosis is good. The survival rate in the United States and Great Britain is around 85%. If the optic nerve is not involved enucleation is performed before the tumor passes through the lamina cribrosa, in these cases the cure rate is almost 90%. If the tumor extends beyond the lamina cribrosa the survival rate decreases to 60%. Some complications of retinoblastoma survivors can include the development of secondary nonocular tumors (this occurs in 50% of patients who have survived having bilateral retinoblastoma), the development of a cataract, retinal vascular damage and/or hemorrhage.
Patients suffering from retinoblastoma can be treated by radiation treatment, chemotherapy, or surgical removal of the tumor, which is known as enucleation. Enucleation is most commonly performed when the chance of preserving useful vision is unlikely. Patents receiving enucleation are those that have a total retinal detachment.
As retinoblastoma progresses the appearance of the eye becomes worse, and can develop into a large orbital mass in and around the eye. CT images are pivotal in identifying and diagnosing this form of tumor. It also allows the assessment of anatomy for possible extension of the retinoblastoma.
Retinoblastoma is one of the cancers that if discovered early can be successfully treated.
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